基于光催化半导体纳米材料的光疗法在癌症治疗中受到了广泛关注。尽管如此，体内治疗的强大功效受到光催化活性和可见光响应不足的限制。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种使用石墨氮化碳（g-C3N4）和二硫化锡（SnS2）来合成g-C3N4/SnS2的光催化异质结构。通过水热过程形成异质结构。此外，Au纳米颗粒原位沉积在g-C3N4/SnS2异质结构的表面，形成g-C3N4/SnS2@Au纳米颗粒。g-C3N4/SnS2@Au纳米颗粒在近红外下产生强烈的活性氧自由基。通过光动力疗法 (PDT) 途径（I 型和 II 型）进行 (NIR) 激光照射。由于 Au 纳米颗粒的存在，这些纳米颗粒在 808 nm 激光照射下表现出增强的光热治疗 (PTT) 功效和高光热转换效率 (41%)。体外研究表明，这些纳米颗粒可以通过PDT和PTT的协同治疗作用，诱导人肝癌癌细胞（HepG2）凋亡（约80%的细胞死亡）。体内结果表明，基于PDT和PTT的联合作用，这些纳米颗粒表现出增强的高效抗肿瘤作用。g-C3N4/SnS2@Au纳米颗粒具有增强的光热性能和PDT效应、良好的生物相容性和强烈的抗肿瘤功效。因此，这些纳米颗粒可以被认为是有前途的候选者，通过近红外激光照射后的协同 PDT/PTT 效应来治疗癌症。© 2024 Dash 等人。

Phototherapy based on photocatalytic semiconductor nanomaterials has received considerable attention for the cancer treatment. Nonetheless, intense efficacy for in vivo treatment is restricted by inadequate photocatalytic activity and visible light response.In this study, we designed a photocatalytic heterostructure using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and tin disulfide (SnS2) to synthesize g-C3N4/SnS2 heterostructure through hydrothermal process. Furthermore, Au nanoparticles were decorated in situ deposition on the surface of the g-C3N4/SnS2 heterostructure to form g-C3N4/SnS2@Au nanoparticles.The g-C3N4/SnS2@Au nanoparticles generated intense reactive oxygen species radicals under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation through photodynamic therapy (PDT) pathways (Type-I and Type-II). These nanoparticles exhibited enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) efficacy with high photothermal conversion efficiency (41%) when subjected to 808 nm laser light, owing to the presence of Au nanoparticles. The in vitro studies have indicated that these nanoparticles can induce human liver carcinoma cancer cell (HepG2) apoptosis (approximately 80% cell death) through the synergistic therapeutic effects of PDT and PTT. The in vivo results demonstrated that these nanoparticles exhibited enhanced efficient antitumor effects based on the combined effects of PDT and PTT.The g-C3N4/SnS2@Au nanoparticles possessed enhanced photothermal properties and PDT effect, good biocompatibility and intense antitumor efficacy. Therefore, these nanoparticles could be considered promising candidates through synergistic PDT/PTT effects upon irradiation with NIR laser for cancer treatment.© 2024 Dash et al.