女性乳腺自我检查认知、态度与行为：一项基于网络社区的研究

在沙特阿拉伯王国，女性中最常见的癌症形式是乳腺癌。因此，本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯阿西尔地区女性关于乳腺自我检查（BSE）的认知、态度与行为（KAP）。本研究为横断面研究，于2023年10月至2024年6月在沙特阿拉伯阿西尔省进行。在397名研究参与者中，89人（22.4%）具有良好的认知，308人（77.6%）认知较差；185人（46.6%）持积极态度，212人（53.4%）持消极态度；24人（6%）表现出良好的实践行为，373人（94%）实践不足关于乳腺自我检查。根据参与者的反馈，社交媒体（204人，51.4%）、广播、电视和报纸是学习BSE的最佳途径。在本研究中，有316人（79.6%）听说过BSE。230人（57.9%）认为乳腺癌患者的生存率通过早期检测可以提高。仅有231人（58.2%）和247人（62.2%）同意乳腺癌由乳房颜色和形状变化以及乳房收缩/分泌物变化所指示。147人中，24人（16.3%）在每次月经后一周内进行自我检查。单身（OR = 6.259；95% CI = 1.790-21.887，p = 0.004）和已婚（OR = 4.923；95% CI = 1.509-16.056，p = 0.008），单身（OR = 2.736；95% CI = 1.248-6.000，p = 0.012）和已婚（OR = 3.176；95% CI = 1.734-5.817，p = 0.000）与良好的BSE认知和态度显著相关。文盲（OR = 0.233；95% CI = 0.060-0.895，p = 0.034）、预科（OR = 0.222；95% CI = 0.092-0.538，p = 0.001）、文盲（OR = 0.293；95% CI = 0.114-0.755，p = 0.011）以及预科（OR = 0.462；95% CI = 0.271-0.788，p = 0.005）比起大学及以上教育背景的人群，较少具有良好的认知和态度。研究显示，女性在BSE的认知、态度和实践方面普遍较差，态度水平优于认知和实践，但94%的女性从未进行过自我检查。强烈建议加强女性关于BSE的KAP教育，以及在高校开展BSE教育项目和在公共场所如健康宣传活动的社区服务，以改善女性的相关认知和行为。

The most common form of cancer among women is breast cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate women in Saudi Arabia's Asir Region, on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding breast self-examination (BSE).The research was carried out cross-sectional and conducted from October 2023 to June 2024 in Saudi Arabia's Asir province.Out of 397 study participants, 89 (22.4%) had good knowledge, and 308 (77.6%) had poor knowledge; 185 (46.6%) had a positive attitude, and 212 (53.4%) had a negative attitude 24 (6%) had good practice 373 (94%) had poor practice about breast BSE. According to study participants, social media, 204 (51.4%), radio, television, and newspapers were the best places to learn about BSE. In this study, 316 (79.6%) had heard of BSE. 230 (57.9%) stated that breast cancer patient's likelihood of survival increases with early detection. Only 231 (58.2%) and 247 (62.2%) agreed that breast cancer is indicated by changes in the color and shape of the breast and retraction/discharge of the breasts, respectively. Out of 147, 24 (16.3%) self-examined just one week after each menstruation. Single (OR = 6.259; 95% CI = 1.790-21.887, p = 0.004) and married (OR = 4.923; 95% CI = 1.509-16.056, p = 0.008), Single (OR = 2.736; 95% CI = 1.248-6.000, p = 0.012) and married (OR = 3.176; 95% CI = 1.734-5.817, p = 0.00) were significantly associated with good knowledge and attitude of BSE, respectively. Illiterates (OR = 0.233; 95% CI = 0.060-0.895, p = 0.034), pre-university (OR = 0.222; 95% CI = 0.092-0.538, p = 0.001), Illiterates (OR = 0.293; 95% CI = 0.114-0.755, p = 0.011), pre-university (OR = 0.462; 95% CI = 0.271-0.788, p = 0.005) are less likely to have good knowledge and attitude compared to college and university educated.The study revealed that few women have good knowledge, attitudes, and practices among BSE. In this study, attitude level is high in comparison to knowledge and practice. However, 94% never practiced at all. It is strongly advised that a focus be placed on improving women's KAP regarding BSE, as well as BSE educational programs in universities and more community service activities such as health campaigns in public places.